The concept of Museums has been viewed by many scholars and in view of this gave rise most likely to the various definitions that abound. However, the commonly accepted definition is one adopted by the International Council of Museums: ICOM 2022, where it defined the Museum as:
A not-for-profit permanent institution in the service of society that researches, collects, conserves, interprets and exhibits tangible and intangible heritage. Open to the public, accessible and inclusive, museums foster diversity and sustainability. They operate and communicate ethically, professionally and with the participation of communities, offering varied experiences for education, enjoyment, reflection and knowledge sharing.
The main features that emerged from the above definition are:
- The museum is a not-for-profit permanent public institution; and
- The main functions are researching, collecting, conserving, interpreting and exhibiting objects of cultural and educational values which are both tangible and intangible heritages.
The Museum in Nigeria is not different from the general museum worldwide. The Nigerian museum has among other functions, the acquisition of museum artifacts or collections through donations by individuals. For instance, the National Museum Jos collections at the early stage were made up of mainly donations of cultural objects by individuals; through purchases and through archeological excavations. This practice which dates back to pre -historic times is a very important means by which most Nigerian museums acquire artifacts.