DESECRATION OF TRADITIONAL SYMBOLISM AND ROYALTY IN NIGERIA: A CULTURAL CRISIS

By: EKE Obinna F. (National Commission for Museums and Monuments) 

Abstract 

This paper explores the growing desecration of traditional symbolism and royalty in Nigeria, identifying it as a critical cultural crisis with deep social, political, and psychological implications. Drawing upon historical contexts, contemporary practices, and sociocultural analysis, the paper examines how political interference, commercialization, modernization, and generational disconnection have eroded the sanctity and authority of Nigeria’s traditional institutions. The essay advocates for policy reform, cultural re-education, and the restoration of indigenous value systems as necessary steps toward reversing this cultural decline.

 

INTRODUCTION

Nigeria is a country steeped in rich cultural diversity and centuries-old traditions, with traditional rulers and symbols occupying central roles in communal identity and governance. From the Obas of the Yoruba kingdoms from the West, to the Emirs of the North and the Igwes of the Southeast, royal figures have historically been custodians of culture, arbiters of justice, and spiritual leaders. Their regalia, titles, and institutions represent more than ceremonial pomp—they are living embodiments of indigenous African epistemologies and values. 

However, in the wake of post-colonial modernization, political manipulation, and societal transformation, these traditional institutions have experienced significant degradation. This essay argues that the desecration of traditional symbolism and royalty in Nigeria constitutes a cultural crisis that undermines national identity, weakens moral authority, and accelerates social fragmentation.

 

HISTORlCAL SIGNIFICANCE OF TRADITIONAL SYMBOLISM AND ROYALTY

Prior to colonial intervention, Nigerian societies were governed through intricate systems of traditional leadership anchored in spiritual authority, ancestral lineage, and communal consensus. Symbols such as the royal staff (opá ase), beads, coronation rites, royal stools, and sacred groves were not only physical artifacts but also conveyors of metaphysical meaning and cultural continuity.

These institutions helped regulate moral behavior, adjudicate disputes, and mediate relationships between the spiritual and material realms. They provided a coherent structure within which communities flourished and cultural knowledge was transmitted across generations. 

An Igwe in his traditional regalia depicting symbol of royalty. 

Eagle feather cap, beads, hand-fan all signifying strength, justice,

authority and royalty.

 

CONTEMPORARY DESECRATION AND IT'S MANIFESTATIONS

In contemporary Nigeria, the desecration of these institutions manifests in several forms: 

1. Politicization of Traditional Rulership: Traditional thrones are increasingly influenced by partisan politics, with appointments and dethronements often dictated by political considerations rather than cultural legitimacy. This undermines public trust and renders traditional leaders as political tools rather than cultural stewards.  
2. Commercialization of Chieftaincy Titles: Many traditional titles are now commodified, sold to the wealthy irrespective of their ties to the community or contributions to culture. This practice dilutes the meaning of such honors and fosters elite exclusivity. 
3.  Loss of Symbolic Authenticity: Traditional regalia and symbols are frequently misappropriated or trivialized in entertainment, fashion, and media, often stripped of their historical and spiritual significance. Sacred items are used as costume accessories, and rituals are performed outside their cultural contexts.
4.  Emergence of Pseudo-Kingships: In urban and diaspora communities, there is a rise in self-proclaimed monarchs and the establishment of unofficial royal titles. These practices not only distort cultural history but create confusion about legitimacy and representation. 

IMPACT ON CULTURAL INTEGRITY AND NATIONAL IDENTITY

The cumulative impact of this desecration is a gradual erosion of cultural integrity and a weakening of the nation’s collective identity. Traditional rulers, once moral authorities and cultural role models, are increasingly perceived as irrelevant or corrupt by the younger generation. This generational disconnection contributes to cultural amnesia, identity crisis, and the devaluation of indigenous knowledge systems.

Moreover, as traditional institutions lose their authenticity, they are less able to mediate conflict, mobilize communities, or serve as bulwarks against external cultural domination. The breakdown of these institutions thus contributes to broader societal instability and moral uncertainty.

Ooni of Ife in his full royal regalia.

Ade (crown), Ōpa ase (staff of office), Agbada (flowing robe)

with intricate designs and beads. All shows symbol of kingship,

authority, holding significant power and sacred.

 

RECLAIMING CULTURAL SOVEREIGNTY: A PATH FORWARD

To address this cultural crisis, a multi-dimensional approach is necessary: 

Institutional Reform: There is a need for legal frameworks that protect traditional institutions from political interference and ensure the integrity of selection and coronation processes. 

Cultural Education: Schools and media should incorporate comprehensive curricula and content on Nigerian history, traditions, and indigenous governance systems. Reconnecting youth with their heritage is essential for long-term preservation.

Authentic Engagement with Tradition: Communities must be encouraged to engage meaningfully with their traditions, not through performative festivals alone, but through sustained dialogue, intergenerational learning, and cultural innovation rooted in authenticity. 

Strengthening the Role of Traditional Institutions in Governance: While modern democratic systems prevail, traditional rulers should be integrated into local governance structures in advisory capacities, particularly in areas of conflict resolution, environmental stewardship, and cultural affairs.

 

CONCLUSION:

The desecration of traditional symbolism and royalty in Nigeria represents a profound cultural crisis, one that threatens the foundations of identity, community, and continuity. As Nigeria navigates the pressures of globalization, urbanization, and political transformation, it must not abandon its indigenous institutions. Rather, there must be a concerted effort to restore their sanctity, reaffirm their relevance, and reposition them as vital components of national development and cohesion.

Without intentional preservation and reform, Nigeria risks severing the vital threads that bind its past to its present — and its future.

  

References

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